In today’s hyper-connected world, the internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. While its benefits are undeniable, a growing concern has emerged – Internet Addiction – affecting anyone, regardless of age, with profound consequences. Often referred to as ‘Problematic Internet Use’ or ‘Internet Use Disorder’, Internet Addiction is characterized by excessive, compulsive use of the internet, which interferes with daily life, work, and relationships.

Internet addiction is when a person has a compulsive need to spend a great deal of time on the Internet, to the point where other areas of life (such as relationships, work or health) are allowed to suffer. It’s akin to other forms of addiction, such as substance abuse or gambling, where individuals develop an uncontrollable urge to engage in the behaviour, despite negative consequences. The person becomes dependent on using the Internet and needs to spend more and more time online to achieve the same ‘high’.

Internet Addiction Is Controversial: Medical opinion is divided on whether Internet Addiction exists as a mental disorder in its own right or whether it’s an expression of pre-existing mental disorders or behavioural problems. For example, a person who compulsively searches the Internet for online gambling venues may have a gambling problem rather than an Internet addiction. More research is needed into this ‘chicken or egg’ aspect of internet addiction, before reaching any conclusion.

Despite the growing recognition of internet addiction as a significant issue, it’s not yet formally classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). However, this doesn’t diminish its seriousness or the need for attention and treatment. Many experts and healthcare professionals acknowledge the reality of internet addiction and the toll it takes on individuals and society. Like other behavioural addictions, it can have devastating consequences and requires intervention and support for those affected.

CAUSES OF INTERNET ADDICTION

Several factors contribute to the development of internet addiction:

Easy Accessibility: The internet is readily available through smartphones, tablets, and computers, making it easy for anyone to go online at any time.

Escapism: People turn to the internet as a way to escape from real-life problems, stress, or loneliness.

Social Media: The constant need for social validation and the ‘Fear Of Missing Out’ (FOMO) on social media platforms can drive addictive behaviour.

Online Gaming: Engaging in immersive online games can lead to addiction, as players become emotionally invested in virtual worlds.

Underlying Psychological Factors: People with pre-existing mental health issues like anxiety or depression may be more vulnerable to internet addiction.

CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNET ADDICTION

Impact On The Brain: Internet addiction affects the brain similarly to other addictive behaviours. It triggers the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. Over time, the brain becomes desensitized, leading to increased internet use to achieve the same level of satisfaction. This rewiring of the brain’s reward system is a hallmark of addiction.

Impaired Mental Health: Increased risk of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.

Physical Health Problems: Sedentary lifestyle, poor sleep patterns, and posture-related health problems.

Social Disconnection: Excessive online activity can lead to social isolation, damaging real-world relationships. It leads to reduced face-to-face social interactions, leading to loneliness.

Loss Of Productivity: Neglecting responsibilities can harm one’s academic or professional life.

Privacy Concerns: Excessive internet use can expose individuals to privacy risks and online threats, cyberbullying etc.

Academic And Work Issues: Decline in performance at school or work due to excessive internet use.

Financial Consequences: Spending money on online gaming or shopping without restraint.

SYMPTOMS OF INTERNET ADDICTION

Common symptoms of an internet addiction can be classified into four main kinds of symptoms – Behavioural; Physical; Mental and Social.

Behavioural symptoms of internet addiction include not engaging in activities that were once enjoyed; spending most waking hours online; displaying anger or agitation when asked to step away from your device; lying about and/or concealing internet usage.

Physical symptoms of internet addiction include fatigue, insomnia, aches and pains from lack of movement, digestive problems, change in physical appearance/no longer paying attention to grooming or hygiene and unintended weight loss or weight gain

Mental symptoms of internet addiction include poor concentration capabilities, trouble distinguishing reality from fantasy and memory impairment.

Social symptoms of internet addiction include irritable mood, social isolation, employment problems, strained interpersonal relationships and academic difficulty.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Psychotherapy: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) can help individuals identify and change their addictive behaviours.

Support Groups: Joining support / therapy groups can provide valuable guidance and camaraderie.

Self-Help Strategies: Developing healthier online habits, setting boundaries, and managing time online more effectively.

Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to manage underlying mental health issues.

In conclusion, internet addiction is a modern epidemic with far-reaching consequences. Recognizing the signs, understanding its causes, and seeking appropriate treatment is essential in combating this issue. With the right support and interventions, individuals can regain control over their lives and find a healthier balance between the digital and real world.